Resources

List of Contents

Chapter 1: Regulatory Requirements for Field Fumigation in California. Knowledge Expectations ~ Licensing Requirements for Field Soil Fumigation, Subcategory O ~ Understanding Pesticide Use Requirements ~ Pesticide Labeling and Other Legal Use Requirements ~ Nonattainment Areas ~ Restricted Materials Permit Conditions ~ Pesticide Use Reporting ~ Notification and Posting ~ Stewardship Programs ~ Review Questions.

Chapter 2: Fumigants. Knowledge Expectations ~ Methyl Bromide ~ Chloropicrin ~ 1,3-Dichloropropene ~ Methyl Isothiocyanate Generators ~ Carbon Disulfide Liberators ~ Review Questions.

Chapter 3: Preapplication Considerations. Knowledge Expectations ~ Site Conditions for Successful Fumigation ~ Soil Texture ~ Soil Moisture ~ Estimating Soil Water Content ~ Soil Moisture Modifications ~ Soil Tilth ~ Temperature ~ Plant Debris ~ Avoiding Phytotoxicity ~ Preapplication Regulations and Safety ~ Application Buffer Zones and Setbacks ~ Notice of Intent ~ Field Posting ~ Target Pests and Their Life Cycles ~ Plant Pathogens ~ Armillaria Root Rot ~ Verticillium Wilt ~ Root Dieback (Forking and Stubbing) in Carrots ~ Phytophthora Crown Rot in Strawberries ~ Anthracnose in Strawberries ~ Weeds ~ Nematodes ~ Root Knot Nematodes ~ Root Lesion Nematodes ~ Ring Nematode ~ Cyst Nematodes in Cole Crops ~ Nematode Management ~ Arthropods ~ Root Beetles ~ Wireworms ~ Garden Symphylans ~ Review Questions.

Chapter 4: Application Methods. Knowledge Expectations ~ Equipment ~ Pumps ~ Positive Displacement Pumps ~ Centrifugal Pumps ~ Venturi Injectors ~ Valves ~ Check Valves ~ Chemigation Valves ~ Solenoid Valves ~ Hydraulically Activated Valves ~ Bypass Valves ~ Nondraining Valves ~ Purge Valves ~ Metering Systems ~ Electronic Metering Systems ~ Chisels and Blades ~ Safety Systems ~ Closed Systems ~ Backflow Prevention ~ Electrical Interlock System ~ Hydraulic Interlock System ~ Application Examples ~ Liquid Gas Injections: High-Pressure ~ Liquid Chisel Injections: Low-Pressure ~ Power Mulch or Rototiller Applications ~ Chemigation Applications ~ Monitoring the Application ~ Review Questions.

Chapter 5: Postfumigation Field Surface Treatment Methods. Knowledge Expectations ~ Field Surface Treatment Methods ~ Tarps ~ Thickness ~ Density ~ Permeability ~ Other Important Tarp Factors ~ Applying Tarps and Sealing Edges ~ Strip Fumigation ~ Broadcast (Flat Field) Fumigation ~ Water Treatments ~ Mechanical Soil Treatments ~ Tarp Repair Response Plan ~ Postfumigation Activities ~ Monitoring ~ Tarp Removal ~ Where to Find Current Information ~ Review Questions.

Chapter 6: Hazards Associated with Field Fumigation. Knowledge Expectations ~ How Fumigants Move in the Environment ~ Movement in Air ~ Movement in Water ~ Groundwater ~ Surface Water ~ Movement and Persistence in the Soil ~ Impacts of Fumigants on Air Quality ~ Smog Formation ~ Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere ~ Impacts on Nontarget Organisms ~ Health Effects of Fumigants ~ How Fumigants Enter the Body ~ How People Are Exposed to Fumigants ~ Handlers ~ Field Workers and Other People Working in the Vicinity of Fumigations ~ The Public and Other Bystanders ~ Health Effects of Exposure ~ Recognizing Specific Fumigant Poisoning Symptoms ~ Methyl Bromide ~ Chloropicrin ~ Metam Sodium, Metam Potassium, and Dazomet (Including Basamid, Vapam, K-Pam, Sectagon, and Sectagon-K) ~ 1,3-Dichloropropene (Including Telone II, Telone C-35, and Inline) ~ Carbon Disulfide Liberators (Enzone) ~ Preventing Exposure ~ Review Questions.

Chapter 7: Protecting People and the Environment. Knowledge Expectations ~ Information Sources ~ Pesticide Label and Labeling ~ Technical Information Bulletin ~ Material Safety Data Sheet ~ Pesticide Safety Information Series Leaflets ~ Restricted Materials Permit ~ Using Fumigants Safely ~ Reading and Following Labels: Carrying Out Safety Precautions On Labels ~ Signal Word ~ Special Precautions ~ Active Ingredients and Use Instructions ~ Personal Protective Equipment ~ Environmental Precautions ~ Disposal ~ Emergencies ~ Basic Safety Information ~ Personal Protective Equipment for the Applicator–How to Select, Fit, Care for, and Use ~ Gloves ~ Protective Eyewear ~ Respiratory Protection ~ Air Monitoring ~ Chemical-Resistant Boots ~ Coveralls ~ Chemical-Resistant Aprons ~ Chemical-Resistant Headgear ~ Other Protective Measures ~ Air-Dilution Fans on Tractors ~ Work Hour Limits: Methyl Bromide ~ Heat Illness ~ Personal Hygiene ~ Public And Environmental Safety ~ Notification and Worksite Plans ~ Buffer Zones ~ Posting ~ Weather Condition Restrictions: Wind and Inversions ~ Preventing Drift ~ Endangered Species Protections ~ Precautions: Preventing Environmental Contamination and Protecting Human Health ~ Safe Transport of Fumigants ~ Safe Loading and Transferring ~ Containers: Cylinders, Pigs, Mini Bulk, Tanks, and Nurse Tanks ~ Storing Fumigants ~ Cleaning Equipment ~ Review Questions.

Chapter 8: Pesticide Emergencies. Knowledge Expectations ~ Preparing for Emergencies ~ Accident Response Plan ~ Handling Human Exposures ~ Recognizing Exposure Situations ~ Calling for Medical Assistance ~ First Aid for Fumigant Emergencies ~ Leaks and Spills ~ Fires ~ Misapplications and Handling Errors ~ Review Questions.

Answers to All Review Questions

Further Reading