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How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

| More pests | More crops | About guidelines |

Grape

Herbicide Treatment Table

(Reviewed 6/06, updated 5/09)

In this Guideline: More about weeds in grape:
Common name   R.E.I.+ P.H.I.+
(trade name) Amount/Acre (hours) (days)
When choosing a pesticide, consider information relating to environmental impact. Not all registered pesticides are listed. Always read label of product being used.
 
SITE PREPARATION
Established weeds
A. GLYPHOSATE      
  (Roundup) 0.5–4 lb a.i. 4 NA
  (Touchdown) 0.75–3.75 lb a.i. 12 NA
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 9
  COMMENTS: Apply with a controlled applicator or with low-pressure, flat fan nozzles. For annual weed control use 10–40 gal water/acre with 1 lb/acre. Apply to young annuals or vigorously growing perennials in flowering stage. Some perennials require the high rate for control. May be used on young weeds in strips that will be the vine row, followed by planting into the dead weeds. Weeds should not be cultivated for 7–14 days after treatment to obtain maximum control. New weeds usually do not establish for a month or more, due to the no-till effect. Do not use more than 10.6 lb/acre/year.
         
B. 2,4-D Label rates 48 NA
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 4
  COMMENTS: Controls horseweed and hairy fleabane. Can use in combination with glyphosate for broader weed control. Apply before weeds bolt for most effective control.
         
C. PARAQUAT* 0.6395–1 lb a.i. 24 NA
  (Gramoxone Inteon)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 22
  COMMENTS: Apply in 20–60 gal water/acre to young weeds. Use 0.5% nonionic surfactant. Repeat treatment as new growth occurs.
         
AFTER PLANTING
Before weeds emerge
A. ORYZALIN 2–6 lb a.i 24 0
  (Surflan AS)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3
  COMMENTS: Nonbearing and bearing vineyards. Apply to the surface in 20–60 gal water/acre. Best if irrigated after application or applied before rainfall. If rain does not occur within 21 days, sprinkle irrigate with 0.5–2 inches of water. May be combined with a postemergent herbicide if weeds are present. The higher rates give the longest soil residual. Usually used at 4 lb/acre. Residual period: 6–12 months.
         
B. NAPROPAMIDE 4 lb a.i. 24 35
  (Devrinol 50 DF)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 15
  COMMENTS: Nonbearing and bearing grapevines. Apply to the surface in 20–60 gal water/acre. Must be incorporated within 7 days of application or sprinkler irrigated. A second application of 4 lb can be made during any one growing season. May be combined with a postemergent herbicide if weeds have emerged. Residual period: 4–­10 months.
         
C. OXYFLUORFEN Dormant: 1–2 lb a.i 24 14
  (GoalTender) Nondormant: 0.5 lb a.i.    
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14
  COMMENTS: Nonbearing and bearing grapevines. Apply in 20–60 gal water/acre on firm soil. Must not be mechanically disturbed or poor weed control will result. Often combined with oryzalin. Check label for use period, cut-off dates, and restrictions. Residual period 4–10 months.
         
D. DIURON 2.4–3.2 lb a.i. 12 0
  (Karmex, Direx)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 7
  COMMENTS: Direct spray to the soil under grapevines at least 3 years of age. Do not apply more than 3.2 lb a.i./acre/season. Diuron is sometimes combined with other preemergent herbicides to broaden spectrum of weeds controlled. These combination treatments frequently use lower rates of diuron. Do not apply around vines with trunks less than 1.5 inches in diameter. Considered to be a ground water contaminant and requires a use permit within Ground Water Protection Areas. Note: Pay special attention to soil texture/rate adjustments; do not use on soils with less than 1% organic matter. Residual period: 8–12 months. For best results, apply during the winter months when weeds are less than 2 inches. See label for rainfall concerns.
         
E. FLUMIOXAZIN 0.188–0.38 lb a.i. 12 60
  (Chateau) 51WDG      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14
  COMMENTS: Nonbearing and bearing grapevines. Applied as a directed spray; avoid contact with foliage or green wood. Rainfall 1/4 to 1/2 inch needed within 21 days for activation. Can be tank-mixed with other herbicides for broader weed control. Provides about 1 month residual activity for every 2 oz applied.
   
F. ISOXABEN Label rates 12 365
  (Gallery) 75DF      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 21
  COMMENTS: For use in nonbearing vineyards only. Provides control of hairy fleabane, horseweed, and many other broadleaf weeds. Apply before seeds germinate and incorporate with rainfall or irrigation within 21 days. Mix with glyphosate or 2,4-D if emerged weeds are present at time of application.
         
G. SIMAZINE 2–4 lb a.i. 12 0
  (Princep 4L, Princep Caliber 90, etc.)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 5
  COMMENTS: Apply to the soil under vines older than 3 years anytime between harvest and early spring. Make only 1 application/year. Use the high rate for heavy soils. Simazine is frequently used in combination with other preemergent herbicides. On light soils, simazine often is used at rates of 0.5–1 lb/acre. Do not use on gravel, sand, or loamy sand soils. If an irrigation is applied immediately after application, limit water to 0.5 inch. Considered to be a ground water contaminant and requires a use permit within Ground Water Protection Areas. Residual period: 8–12 months.
         
H. PENDIMETHALIN 3–6 lb a.i. 24 365
  (Prowl H2O)    
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3
  COMMENTS: Apply in 10 to 40 gal water/acre to soil under vines. Apply only to newly transplanted or dormant vines. Do not apply until ground is firm and no cracks are present. May be applied anytime after harvest and before bud swell in spring. Do not apply after bud swell or injury may result. Best control is achieved when irrigation or rainfall occurs within 7 days. Will not control emerged weeds. Residual period: 10 months.
         
I. RIMSULFURON 0.03 lb a.i. 4 14
  (Matrix FNV)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 2
  COMMENTS: For use on nonbearing and bearing vines. Apply in 10 or more gal water/acre to soil under vines. Apply only to vines that have been established for one full growing season. Best control is achieved when irrigation or rainfall occurs within 2 weeks after application. When band applications are made, treating 50% or less of a vineyard, a second application can be made. Will not control emerged weeds. Residual period: 4–10 months.
         
Established weeds
A. GLYPHOSATE 0.5–4 lb a.i. 4 14
  (Roundup, etc.)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 9
  COMMENTS: Rates vary depending on the formulation used. Apply with controlled droplet applicator or with low-pressure, flat fan nozzles. For annual weed control, use 1 lb/acre in 10­–40 gal water. For chemical mowing, consult label for exact timing and rates depending on weed size and species. Apply to young annuals or vigorous growing perennials. Avoid drift onto green bark or foliage or injury will result. Weeds should not be cultivated for 7–14 days after treatment for maximum control.
         
B. 2,4-D Label rates 48 40
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 4
  COMMENTS: Can control horseweed and hairy fleabane alone or in combination with glyphosate for broader weed control when grapes are established for at least 3 years. Apply before weeds bolt for most effective control. In areas where horseweed and fleabane emerge in fall or early winter, make an application in fall and again before bloom if weeds are present. Irrigation immediately before or after treatment reduces control and can increase the risk of crop injury. Use flat fan or other appropriate low pressure nozzles and a shield to prevent drift onto the grapes or other sensitive plants.
         
C. PARAQUAT 0.6395–1 lb a.i. 24 0
  (Gramoxone Inteon)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 22
  COMMENTS: Apply in 20–60 gal water/acre to young weeds. Use 0.5% nonionic surfactant. Repeat treatment as new growth occurs. Residual period: less than 1 month. Do not exceed 4 post-emergent directed applications/season.
         
D. OXYFLUORFEN 0.5–1 lb a.i. 24 14
  (GoalTender)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14
  COMMENTS: Dormant application to young (4-leaf stage) weeds. May be combined with other post-emergent herbicides for specific weeds.
         
E. FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTYL 0.25–0.375 lb a.i. 12 365
  (Fusilade DX)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 1
  COMMENTS: For use on nonbearing vines only. For selective control of grasses when they are 2–8 inches tall but before tillering and/or heading. Use a crop oil (1%) or nonionic surfactant (0.25%) to increase penetration and control. Do not apply to grass that is stressed or poor control may result.
         
F. SETHOXYDIM 0.28–0.46 lb a.i. 12 50
  (Poast)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 1
  COMMENTS: Apply to young annual or perennial grasses. Repeat applications will be required for the control of perennial grasses. Add 2 pt crop oil concentrate to the spray solution. Do not apply to grass that is stressed or poor control may result. Residual period: less than 1 month.
         
G. CLETHODIM 0.0954–0.12125 lb/acre 24 365
  (Select Max)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 1
  COMMENTS: For use on nonbearing vineyards only. Apply to rapidly growing grasses when they have reached the height recommended on label. Do not apply to drought stressed plants. Use a crop oil concentrate.
         
H. GLUFOSINATE 0.75–1.25 lb a.i. 12 14
  (Rely 200)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 10
  COMMENTS: For use in bearing and nonbearing vineyards. Applied at 20-50 gal/acre with a minimum pressure of 30 p.s.i. Good weed coverage is essential for control. Addition of ammonium sulfate at 5 lb/100 gal spray volume increases weed activity. Weeds should be less than 6 inches tall. Very effective on little mallow (cheeseweed), nettle, horseweed, and hairy fleabane.
         
HERBICIDE COMBINATIONS
Combinations are most often used to broaden the weed control spectrum. Perennial weeds will not be controlled with these combinations. Other combinations can be used depending upon the weed spectrum present in the vineyard. For tank mixes, observe all directions for use on all labels, and employ the most restrictive limits and precautions. Never exceed the maximum a.i. on any label when tank mixing products that contain the same a.i.
A. GLYPHOSATE 0.5–1 lb a.i. in 20–40 gal water/acre 4 14
  (Roundup, etc.)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 9
  . . . PLUS . . .      
  OXYFLUORFEN Dormant: 0.1–1 lb a.i 24 14
  (GoalTender) Nondormant: 0.5 lb a.i.    
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14
  COMMENTS: For broad-spectrum control of emerged weeds in vineyards. Helps increase control of little mallow (cheeseweed), filaree, chickweed, and grasses. The effectiveness of glyphosate is increased with low water volume; oxyfluorfen is more effective at the higher volume. Avoid drift and follow directions for application period of oxyfluorfen.
         
B. GLYPHOSATE 1 lb a.i. 4 14
  (Roundup, etc.)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 9
  . . . PLUS . . .      
  ORYZALIN 4 lb a.i. 24 0
  (Surflan AS)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3
  . . . or . . .      
  NAPROPAMIDE 4 lb a.i. 12 35
  (Devrinol 50 DF)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 15
  COMMENTS: Combines post- and preemergent control of most annual weeds with residual control up to 6 months. Combination choice depends on weed spectrum and how rapid incorporation will occur following application. Napropamide needs irrigation within 7 days, oryzalin within 21 days.
         
C. PARAQUAT 0.6375 lb a.i. 24 0
  (Gramoxone Inteon)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 22
  . . . PLUS . . .      
  OXYFLUORFEN Dormant: 0.5–1 lb a.i 24 14
  (GoalTender) Nondormant: 0.5 lb a.i.    
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14
  COMMENTS: Broad-spectrum postemergent control. Avoid drift and follow directions for application period of oxyfluorfen.
   
D. ORYZALIN 4 lb a.i. 24 0
  (Surflan AS)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3  
  . . . PLUS . . .      
  OXYFLUORFEN Dormant: 1 lb a.i 24 14
  (GoalTender) Nondormant: 0.5 lb a.i.    
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14
  COMMENTS: Combined to give broad-spectrum control. Applied preemergent or combined with paraquat or glyphosate if weeds have emerged. Activate within 21 days.
         
E. SIMAZINE 1–2 lb a.i. 12 14
  (Princep, etc.)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 5
  . . . PLUS . . .      
  DIURON 1–1.6 lb a.i. 12 0
  (Karmex)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 7
  . . . PLUS . . .      
  GLYPHOSATE 1 lb a.i. 4 14
  (Roundup, etc.)      
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 9
  COMMENTS This combination is effective on a broad range of weed species. Add glyphosate only when weeds have emerged and are actively growing. Use lower rates of simazine and diuron on light soils and high rates on heavy, fine-textured soils. Simazine and diuron are considered to be ground water contaminants and require a use permit within Ground Water Protection Areas. Residual period for diuron and simazine: 8–12 months. Glyphosate has no biological residual.
   
* Permit required from county agricultural commissioner for purchase or use.
+ Restricted entry interval (R.E.I.) is the number of hours (unless otherwise noted) from treatment until the treated area can be safely entered without protective clothing. Preharvest interval (P.H.I.) is the number of days from treatment to harvest. In some cases the REI exceeds the PHI. The longer of two intervals is the minimum time that must elapse before harvest.
1 Group numbers are assigned by the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) according to different modes of action. Although weeds may exhibit multiple resistance across many groups, mode of action numbers are useful in planning mixtures or rotations of herbicides with different modes of action. For more information, see http://www.hracglobal.com.
NA Not applicable.

[Precautions]

PUBLICATION

[UC Peer Reviewed]

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Grape
UC ANR Publication 3448
Weeds
A. Shrestha, UC IPM Program, Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier
K. J. Hembree, UC Cooperative Extension, Fresno County
C. A. Ingels, UC Cooperative Extension, Sacramento County
W. T. Lanini, Weed Science/Plant Sciences, UC Davis
Acknowledgment for contributions to Weeds:
C. L. Elmore, Vegetable Crops/Weed Science, UC Davis
D. R. Donaldson, UC Cooperative Extension, Napa County

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