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How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

| More pests | More crops | About guidelines |

Almond

Approximate Impact Ratings of Various Pest Management Tools Against Natural Enemies

(Reviewed 3/09, updated 3/09)

In this Guideline:
Pest Management Tools Treatment
Timing		 Mode of
Action1		 Toxicities to:
Parasites Predators Predator mites Honey Bees
Acute Residual Acute Residual Acute Residual Acute Residual
abamectin (Agri-Mek) inseason 6 L/M L L/H L L/M L H —
acequinocyl (Kanemite) inseason 20B — — L L L L/M L —
azinphosmethyl (Guthion) inseason 1B H M/H H H L/H L/H H H
Bacillus thuringiensis ssp.kurstaki bloom/inseason 11.B2 L L L L L L L L
bifenazate (Acramite) inseason 25 L L L L L L/M L —
bifenthrin (Brigade) dormant 3 H H H H H H H H
buprofezin (Centaur) inseason 16 L L M/H3 M L L L —
carbaryl (Sevin) inseason 1A H H H H H H H H
chloropyridazin/sulfur (Desperado) inseason — — — — — H H — —
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban) dormant 1B L L L/M L/M L L L2 L2
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban) inseason 1B H M/H M/H M/H M/H M H H
clofentezine (Apollo) inseason 10A L L L L M M — —
cyfluthrin (Baythroid) dormant 3 H H H H H H H H
diazinon dormant 1B L L L/M L/M L L L2 L2
diflubenzuron (Dimilin) dormant/bloom 15 L L L L L L L —
dormant oils dormant — L L L L L L L –
esfenvalerate (Asana) inseason 3 H H H H H H H H
etoxazole (Zeal) inseason 10C — — L L H4 H — —
fenbutatin-oxide (Vendex) inseason — L L L L L/M L L L
fenpyroximate (Fujimite) inseason 21 L — L — H H L L
hexythiazox (Onager) inseason 10A L L L L M M L —
lambda cyhalothrin (Warrior) inseason/dormant 3 H H H H H H H H
imidacloprid (Admire Pro) inseason 4A — — L — H H L L
methidathion (Supracide) dormant/inseason 1B H H H H H H H H
methoxyfenozide (Intrepid) bloom/inseason 18 L L L L L L L —
oils dormant/inseason — L L L L L/M L L —
permethrin (Ambush,Pounce) dormant/inseason 3 H H H H H H H H
phosmet (Imidan) inseason 1B M/H M/H H H M/H M H H
propargite (Omite) inseason 14 L L L L L/M L L L
pyriproxyfen (Esteem,Seize) dormant/inseason 7C L L M/H3 M L L L —
pyriproxyfen (Esteem, Bait) inseason 7C L L L L L L L —
spinetoram (Delegate) dormant/inseason 5 L/H — M5 L L L M M
spinosad (Success,Entrust) dormant/inseason 5 L/H L M5 L L L M M
spirodicofen (Envidor) inseason 23 — — — — L/M L/M H —
sulfur inseason — M L L/M L L/M L/M L L
Cultural/Nonchemical
dust control inseason   L L L L L L    
early harvest inseason   L L L L L L    
fumigation (prehulling) postharvest   L L L L L L    
latex paint inseason   L L L L L L    
orchard sanitation dormant   L/M L/M L L L L    
infested plant part removal dormant   L L L L L L    
parasite releases inseason   L L L L L L    
pheromones (mating disruption) inseason   L L L L L L    
predator releases inseason   L L L L L L    
H = high M = moderate L = low — = information not available
 
1 Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action Group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action Group number more than twice per season to help prevent the development of resistance. For example, the organophosphates have a Group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B Group number should be alternated with chemicals that have a Group number other than 1B. Mode of action Group numbers are assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/.
2 Low toxicity if bees are not in orchard at time of application.
3 Highly toxic to predaceous coccinellid beetles.
4 Does not kill adult but sterilizes females.
5 Toxic against some natural enemies (predatory thrips, syrphid fly and lacewing larvae, beetles) when sprayed and up to 5--7 days after, especially for syrphid fly larvae.

[Precautions]

PUBLICATION

[UC Peer Reviewed]

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Almond
UC ANR Publication 3431
General Information
Acknowledgements: This table was compiled based on research data and experience of University of California scientists who work on a variety of crops and contribute to the Pest Management Guideline database, and from Flint, M. L. and S. H. Dreistadt. 1998. Natural Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386.

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