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How to Manage Pests
UC Pest Management Guidelines
Kiwifruit
Nematodes
Scientific Name:
Root knot nematode: Meloidogyne spp.
(Reviewed 3/07,
updated 3/07)
In this Guideline:
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DESCRIPTION OF THE PEST
Nematodes are microscopic, true roundworms. Root galling is
associated with root knot nematodes only.
DAMAGE
Root knot nematodes may be
damaging to the root system if relatively high soil populations are present.
Vines become slightly weaker, especially in sandy areas, and fruit size on
infected vines is reduced.
MANAGEMENT
Cultural
Control
Irrigate with greater frequency to avoid plant stress. Remove broadleaf
weeds and do not plant cover crops susceptible to root knot nematode where root
knot nematode is present.
Treatment Decisions
The best time to treat for nematodes is before planting.
| Common name |
Amount/Acre |
R.E.I.+ |
P.H.I.+ |
| (trade name) |
|
(hours) |
(days) |
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| When choosing a pesticide, consider information relating
to the environmental impact. |
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| PREPLANT |
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Nematodes are best controlled before planting because there
are no kiwifruit rootstocks that are resistant to root knot nematode. Apply
broadcast treatments of methyl bromide* or dichloropropene* (Telone II) in
October or November the year before planting. An application rate of
300–400 lb methyl bromide is
adequate for sandy to fine sandy loam soils in a dry condition. The application rate for Telone II
cannot exceed 35 gal/acre. In dry soils with slight surface moisture, the
overall value of a Telone II treatment is equivalent to that of methyl
bromide. Metam sodium* (Vapam HL), applied at a rate of 75 gal/acre delivered
uniformly in 6 inches water/acre, can be as effective as Telone II or methyl
bromide if: there are no old root systems present containing viable root knot
nematode; the orifices of the irrigation delivery system are large enough to
avoid misting and thereby volatilization of the product; and the soil and irrigation
system can infiltrate 6 acre inches water in 8 hrs or less. For this latter
requirement, sandy soils without a hardpan are usually suitable, whereas fine
sandy loam soils may not be. Fumigants, such as methyl bromide, metam sodium, and 1, 3-dichloropropene, are
a prime source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are a major air
quality issue. Fumigate only as a last resort when other management
strategies have not been successful or are not available, become familiar
with procedures that minimize off-gassing of fumigants. The only alternative to fumigation is
to not plant kiwifruit after kiwifruit and where root rust nematodes are present in the soil. |
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| POSTPLANT |
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Fenamiphos*, sold as Nemacur 3, is
the only currently available postplant nematicide. It is applied as a liquid
by metering into dripper or mister systems. If treating the entire field
surface with a mister, the treatment rate is about 0.5–1
gal/acre/treatment (1 gal = 3 lb a.i.). Retreatments are necessary on a 30-day
schedule. Do not treat in July or August when heaviest irrigation patterns
will dilute the use of the chemical. Do not treat unless soil temperature
exceeds 58°F. See label for specific treatment requirements. Use will be banned after 2007, and there is no current replacement. |
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![[Precautions]](/IMAGES/btn-precautions_bul.gif)
![[UC Peer Reviewed]](/IMAGES/logo-ucpeerreviewed.jpg)
UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Kiwifruit
UC ANR Publication 3449
Nematodes
M. V. McKenry, Kearney Agricutural Center, Parlier
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