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How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

| More pests | More crops | About guidelines |

Walnut

Relative Toxicities of Some of the Pesticides Used in Walnuts to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees

(Reviewed 12/07, updated 12/07)

In this Guideline:
Common name (trade name) Mode of Action1 Selectivity2 (affected groups) Predatory mites3 General predators4 Parasites4 Honey bees5 Duration of impact to natural enemies6
abamectin (Agri-Mek) 6 moderate (mites, leafminers) H L M/H II long to predatory mites and affected insects
azinphosmethyl (Guthion) 1B broad (insects, mites) L/M H H I long
Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki 11.B2 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV short
bifenazate (Acramite) 25 narrow (mites) L L L IV short
buprofezin (Centaur) 16 narrow (sucking insects, beetles) L H7 L IV long
carbaryl (Sevin) 1A broad (insects, mites) L/H H H I long
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban) 1B broad (insects, mites) M H H I moderate
clofentezine (Apollo) 10A narrow (mites) L L L IV short
Cydia pomonella granulovirus (Cyd-X) — narrow (codling moth) none none none IV none
cyfluthrin (Baythroid) 3 broad (insects, mites) H H H I moderate
diflubenzuron (Dimilin) 15 — L H8 L IV —
esfenvalerate (Asana) 3 broad (insects, mites) H M H I moderate
etoxazole (Zeal) 10C narrow (mites) —9 — — IV short
fenbutatin oxide (Vendex) 12B narrow (pest mites) L L L IV short
hexythiazox (Onager) 10B narrow (mites) L L L IV short to moderate
lambda cyhalothrin (Warrior) 3 broad (plant bugs, beetles, caterpillars) H H H I10 moderate
malathion 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H II moderate
methidathion (Supracide) 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H I moderate to long
methoxyfenozide (Intrepid) 18 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV none
methyl parathion (Penncap-M) 1B — M M M I —
permethrin (Ambush, Pounce) 3 broad (insects, mites) L H H I long
petroleum oils — broad (exposed insects, mites) L L L III short to none
phosmet (Imidan) 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H I moderate to long
propargite (Omite) 14 narrow (pest mites) M11 L L IV short
pyriproxyfen (Seize) 7C narrow (scale, beetles) L H12 L IV long
rosemary oil/peppermint oil (Ecotrol) — broad (exposed insects, mites) L L L IV —
spinosad (Entrust, Success) 5 narrow (caterpillars, aphids, scales) L M13 L/M III short to moderate
spinosad (GF-120) 5 narrow (husk fly) — — — — —
spirodiclofen (Envidor) 23 narrow (mites) — — — I —
H = high
M = moderate
L = low
— = no information
1 Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action Group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action Group number more than twice per season to help prevent the development of resistance. For example, the organophosphates have a Group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B Group number should be alternated with chemicals that have a Group number other than 1B. Mode of action Group numbers are assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/.
2 Selectivity: broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites; narrow means it affects only a few specific groups.
3 Generally, toxicities are to western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis. Where differences have been measured in toxicity of the pesticide-resistant strain versus the native strain, these are listed as pesticide-resistant strain/native strain.
4 Toxicities are averages of reported effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity of a specific chemical depends on the species of predator or parasite, environmental conditions, and application rate.
5 Ratings are as follows: I-Do not apply to blooming plants; II-Apply only during late evening; III-Apply only during late evening, night, or early morning; and IV-Apply at any time with reasonable safety to bees. For more information, see How to Reduce Bee Poisoning From Pesticides (164 KB, PDF), Pacific Northwest Extension Publication PNW591.
6 Duration: short means hours to days; moderate means days to 2 weeks; and long means many weeks or months.
7 Use lowest rates for best management of western predatory mite/spider mite ratio (propargite).
8 High toxicity to juvenile stages of predators and reduces fertility of adult green lacewings.
9 Acute toxicity low but reproductive capacity is impacted.
10  If rate is 0.02 lb a.i./acre, rating is II.
11 Use lowest rates for best management of western predatory mite/spider mite ratio (propargite).
12 Kills lady beetles.
13 Toxic against some natural enemies (predatory thrips, syrphid fly larvae) when sprayed and shortly thereafter (8-24 hours).

[Precautions]

PUBLICATION

[UC Peer Reviewed]

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Walnut
UC ANR Publication 3471
General Information
Acknowledgements: This table was compiled based on research data and experience of University of California scientists who work on a variety of crops and contribute to the Pest Management Guideline database, and from Flint, M.L. and S.H. Dreistadt. 1998. Natural Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386.

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